Op-phej120021 161..172
نویسنده
چکیده
A recent decision by several Australian State politicians to support a parliamentary review of artificial water fluoridation has an intensified debate on the public health intervention. While there is a majority agreement among Australian dentists and other health professionals that adequate enamel fluoride is essential for dental health, the ethics of artificial fluoridation of public water supplies as a contemporary vehicle for facilitating adequate supply of fluoride to teeth is highly contested. Opponents of artificial water fluoridation insist that there are many alternative sources of fluoride, that mandatory water fluoridation violates the ethical principle of autonomy and that water fluoridation is not only expensive and unnecessary but also may endanger health by causing fluorosis and, potentially, hypothyroidism and pathological bone fractures. In contrast, proponents of water fluoridation posit that mandatory water fluoridation facilitates health equity and that the benefits accruing to society from prevention of dental caries (beneficence principle) outweighs impairment of individual autonomy. This article utilizes Childress’ ‘justificatory conditions’ to evaluate the ethical appropriateness of artificial water fluoridation in Australia. The author concludes that there is insufficient ethical justification for artificial water fluoridation in Australia.
منابع مشابه
Measurement of hadron and lepton - pair production at 161 GeV < y / s < 172
We report on measurements of e+e~ annihilation into hadrons and lepton pairs. The data have been taken with the L3 detector at LEP at center-of-mass energies between 161 GeV and 172 GeV. In a data sample corresponding to 21.2 pb“" 1 of integrated luminosity 2728 hadronic and 868 lepton-pair events are selected. The measured cross sections and leptonic forward-backward asymmetries agree well wit...
متن کامل978 - 0 - 521 - 87672 - 8 - Perspectives on Human Development , Family , and Culture
acculturation, 228–38, 242, 244, 245, 250, 252, 254, 256–7, 259 after-school education, 332 attachment, 77, 103, 128, 161–5, 167–9, 197, 203, 247, 249, 317, 339 attachment theory, 128, 161–2, 166, 168, 172, 197 authoritarianism, xix, 36, 256 autocthonization, 7, 8 autonomy, xx, 24, 136, 149, 163–5, 197–8, 213–14, 243–4, 257, 265, 266, 268–9, 277–9, 281–2 and relatedness, xx, 79, 109, 172, 196, ...
متن کامل1 SEARCH FOR SINGLE LEPTOQUARK PRODUCTION IN ELECTRON-PHOTON SCATTERING AT √ s = 161 AND 172 GEV a
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Op-phej120021 1..12
A recent decision by several Australian federal politicians to support a parliamentary review of artificial water fluoridation has an intensified debate on the public health intervention. While there is a majority agreement among Australian dentists and other health professionals that adequate enamel fluoride is essential for dental health, the ethics of artificial fluoridation of public water ...
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